北京高考英語輔導(dǎo)_情態(tài)動詞英語語法知識精講
英語完形填空選擇:讀一遍,做一遍
在眾多學(xué)科中,英語是最讓人頭痛的學(xué)科, 語言的學(xué)習(xí)并非一日之功,是需要長時間積累的。提高英語選擇題的正確率,是提高英語成績的捷徑。那么,怎么秒殺英語選擇題呢?小編在這里整理了相關(guān)資料,希望能幫助到您。 高考英語選擇題秒殺方
情態(tài)動詞(modal verb)自己有詞義,示意語言人的語氣或情態(tài),但詞義不完全,不能單獨用作謂語動詞,一樣平常只能和動詞真相一起組成謂語動詞。小編在這里整理了相關(guān)資料,希望能輔助到您。
情態(tài)動詞概述
特征
情態(tài)動詞(modal verb)自己有詞義,示意語言人的語氣或情態(tài),但詞義不完全,不能單獨用作謂語動詞,一樣平常只能和動詞真相一起組成謂語動詞。
情態(tài)動詞所示意的情態(tài)有:下令允諾請求拒絕愿望愿意義務(wù)需要可能能力敢于需要等。
情態(tài)動詞(ought除外)和助動詞shall,will,should,would一樣,后面的動詞不定式一樣平常皆不帶。
形式轉(zhuǎn)變
沒有人稱和數(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)變,第三人稱單數(shù)的現(xiàn)在時也無轉(zhuǎn)變。如:
I can We can
You can You can
He
They can
She can
It
有些情態(tài)動詞有已往式,有少數(shù)已往式和它的真相相同。
a)有已往式的情態(tài)動詞有:
may -- would
can ―― could
may―― night
shall -- should
have to -- had to
b)已往式穩(wěn)固的情態(tài)動詞有:
must - must (或had to)
ought to - ought to
need---need
dare - dare(亦可用dared)
大多數(shù)情態(tài)動詞后面可用動詞的舉行式完成式和被動形式,如:can(may,must)be doing,can(may,must) have done,can(may,must)be done等。
否認(rèn)式
情態(tài)動詞和助動詞一樣,后面可直接跟否認(rèn)詞not?,F(xiàn)將情態(tài)動詞的否認(rèn)式及其否認(rèn)式的簡略式(簡略式用于口語中)枚舉如下:
shall not--shan't [FB:nt]
will not---won't [wEunt]
can not-can't [kB:nt]
must not-mustn't [Qsnt]
should not-- shouldn't
would not-- wouldn't
could not-- couldn't
dare not- daren't [dZEnt]
need not-- needn't
在疑問句中的用法
情態(tài)動詞在疑問句中的用法和助動詞相同。如:
May I ask you a question? 我可以問你一個問題嗎?
Can you let me use your dictionary for a minute? 你能把字典借我用一會兒嗎?
Would you like to visit the heavy machinery plant? 你想觀光重型機械廠嗎?
注重have to在疑問句中的位置。如:
Do you have to go out today? 你今天一定得出去嗎?
Does he have to finish the work tomorrow? 他明天非做完這項事情不能嗎?
情態(tài)動詞--can, could
can和could
can的詞義
示意體力或腦力方面的"能力"或客觀上的"可能"。如:
Can you ride a bike? Yes,I can.你能騎自行車嗎?是的,我能騎。
Can Mr. Smith use chopsticks? No,he can't . 史女士先生會用筷子嗎?不,他不會。
Most women here can read and write now.這里的多數(shù)婦女都能識字,也會寫字。
In China even barren mountains can be turned into fertile fields. 在中國,荒山也能釀成良田。
can用在否認(rèn)句和疑問句中時
在這種句子中,can??梢庵^"可能",示意展望和推理。如:
It surely can't be six o'clock already? 不能能已經(jīng)六點鐘了吧?
You can't be hungry so soon,Tom. You've just had lunch. 頓姆,你不能能餓得這么快,你剛吃過午飯。
She cannot be so careless. 她不能能這么粗心。
Where can he be? 他會在什么地方呢?
What can he mean? 他會是什么意思呢?
It surely can't be six o'clock already? 不能能已經(jīng)是六點鐘了吧?
[注一] can加動詞的舉行時態(tài),也可示意"可能"。如:
What can he be doing all this time? 他一直會是在干什么呢?
She cannot be playing ping-pong now.她現(xiàn)在不能能在打乒乓球。
[注二] 在一樣平常會話中,can可取代may示意"允許",may對照正式,如:
You can drop in any time. 你隨時都可以來串門。
Can I use your basin? of course,you can.我可以用你的臉盆嗎?--固然可以。
You can have my seat,I'm going now.我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。
Could
could是Call的已往式,示意與已往有關(guān)的能力和可能(在否認(rèn)和疑問句中)。如:
We were sure that he could do the work. 我們一定他能做這事情。
He was a farmhand. He could not afford to send his son to school. 他是個雇農(nóng),他供不起兒子上學(xué)。
At that time we thought the Story could not be true.那時我們以為所說的事不能能是真的。
[注] could可取代can示意現(xiàn)在,但語氣較為委婉。如:
could you wait half an hour?請你等半個小時好嗎?
could you please ring up again at six? 六點鐘請你再來電話好嗎?
could we visit a kindergarten? I've been wanting to see one ever since I came to China.我們可以接見一個幼兒園嗎?我自從到中國來以后,一直想看一所幼兒園。
[注二]示意已往的能力并已完成一詳細(xì)動作時須用were (was) able (to),不能用could。如:
I am glad we were able to catch the train. 我很喜悅我們能遇上火車。但如未完成一詳細(xì)動作,則可用could not。如:
I am sorry we couldn't (或weren't able to) catch the train.我很遺憾我們沒有能遇上火車。
can的形式
can只有現(xiàn)在式can和已往式could兩種形式,能示意現(xiàn)在一樣平常和已往一樣平常兩種時態(tài),有時也能示意未來。所有其他時態(tài)(包羅未來)須用be able加動詞不定式來示意。如:
With their help, we shall be able to finish the work in a few days. 有他們的協(xié)助,我們將會在幾天之內(nèi)完成這項事情。
They have not been able to come to Boston. 他們沒有能到波斯頓來。
Mr. Johnson rang up just now to Say that he won't be able to come over this evening.約翰遜先生剛來電話,說今天晚上他來不了。
can,could用于否認(rèn)或疑問句中
can (could)用于否認(rèn)或疑問句中后面跟動詞真相的完成式時,示意對已往發(fā)生事宜的"可能性"。而could較can加倍示意語言人的"不一定的"語氣。如:
Can he have left already? 他會是走了嗎?
Could she have forgotten my address? 她會把我的地址遺忘了嗎?
It couldn't have been henry. He has gone to the factory. 不能能是亨利,他已經(jīng)去工廠了。
Surely she can not have arrived so early. 他固然不能能這么早到這里的。
[注] could加動詞的完成式時,有時示意"已往可能完成但事實上并沒有實現(xiàn)的動作"。如:
You could have done the work better.你原本可以做得更好些。(事實上你做得不那么好)
You could have got the early train.你原本可以搭上早班火車的。(事實上沒搭上)
情態(tài)動詞--must
must
must的詞義
must示意"必須"或"應(yīng)當(dāng)"。如:
I must leave at 00我必須在九點鐘脫離這里。
Soldiers must obey orders.士兵必須遵守下令。
You must get to the stallion before three o'clock. 你必須在三點鐘以前到達(dá)車站。
You must come earlier tomorrow.你明天得早點來。
must的否認(rèn)式
must的否認(rèn)形式must not示意"不應(yīng)該"或
"不允許",語氣對照強烈。如:
We mustn't waste our time. 我們不應(yīng)該虛耗我們的時間。
Passengers must not walk across the railway line.游客不要橫穿鐵路。
You mustn't miss that modern ballet,It is extremely good. 你可不要錯過這個現(xiàn)代芭蕾舞劇,它好極了。
One must not divorce oneself from the masses.不應(yīng)該脫離群眾。
[注]說"不必"須用need not。如:
Must we hand in our exercises today? -No,You needn't.我們必須今天交演習(xí)嗎? --不,不必今天交。
must也可示意已往
must只有現(xiàn)在式,通常用以示意現(xiàn)在,但有時也可以示意已往(多用在間接引語中)。如:
He told us we must all be ready by nine.他告訴我們在九點鐘以前都得準(zhǔn)備好。
It was too late to go back,we must go on.太晚了,回不去了,我們只有繼續(xù)往前走。
[注] have to (必須)則可以示意種種時間。如:
I am afraid You will have to wait a while.我看你得等一會兒。
At every step I had to pull my legs out of the snow.我每走一步都得將雙腿從雪中拔出來。
must也可示意語言人對事物的推測
但比may一定得多,相當(dāng)于漢語的"一定"或"準(zhǔn)是"。如:
He must be in the library now. 他現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)是在圖書館。
The old man must be over seventy now.那老人準(zhǔn)有七十多歲了。
She must know how to do farm work. 她一定明白怎樣干農(nóng)活。
You ate very little at breakfast today. You must be hungry now.
你今天早餐吃得很少,現(xiàn)在一定餓了。
[注] must加動詞真相的舉行式,也可示意對現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作的推測,有"一定""準(zhǔn)是"的意思。如:
She must be working on the experimental plot.她現(xiàn)在一定在試驗田里事情。
must加動詞真相的完成式
說明對已往事物的推測,示意"一定"或"準(zhǔn)是"的意思。如:
I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She must have received it.
我是兩星期以前發(fā)的信,她一定已經(jīng)收到了。
She must have studied English before. 她以前一定學(xué)過英語。
How did you know about it? Somebody must have told you. 你怎么知道這事的?一定有人告訴你了。
情態(tài)動詞--may, might
may和might
may示意"允許"或"請求"
May I come in? -Yes,do. 我可以進(jìn)來嗎?--請進(jìn)。
May I borrow you raincoat? 我可以借用你的雨衣嗎?
You may go now. 你現(xiàn)在可以走了。
You may ring us up any time during office hours.在辦公時間你可以隨時給我們打電話。
[注] may示意"允許"的否認(rèn)形式是must not(不應(yīng)該,不允許)。如:
May I take this book out of the reading-room? -No,you mustn't. 我可以把這本書拿出閱覽室嗎? --不行。
may還可示意語言人的展望,以為某一事情"或許"或"可能"發(fā)生
We may call on you this evening.我們也許今天晚上來看你。
She may not go to the concert tonight.今晚她可能不去聽音樂會了。
The news may or may not be true. 新聞也許是真的,也許不是真的。
[注] may用在嘆息句中可示意祝愿,愿望如:
May you succeed.祝你樂成。
May you have a pleasant journey.一起平安。
might為may的已往式
The speaker said we might ask him any question.作講述的人說我們可以向他提任何問題。
He said he might go to the Palace Museum on Sunday. 他說他星期天可能去觀光故宮博物院。
[注一]night也可取代may,示意現(xiàn)在,但語氣較為委婉虛心或加倍不一定。如:
解析:在名詞性從句中,that既無詞義,也不作句子成分,連接一個句子成分完整的陳述句。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu),特別是that的暗示,可判斷題干為一個含有主語從句的復(fù)合句,句首的it為形式主語,真正的主語為其后的that從句,故最佳答案為D。
要想在高考英語中取的好成績,必須把英語詞匯和語法學(xué)好,學(xué)好這些也是做好高考英語單選題的基
,本人是一名高中生,剛上高二,好多同學(xué)在老師家或者培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)上課,高二上補課班很重要嗎? 找高中輔導(dǎo)班難嗎?上高中輔導(dǎo)班有用嗎? 高中這是一個很重要的階段,因為孩子們面臨著高考,這可以關(guān)鍵,那個家長也不敢那孩子的未來開玩笑,現(xiàn)在高中輔導(dǎo)班已經(jīng)開設(shè)了很多,找高中輔導(dǎo)班是不難的,那么上著班對孩子好不好,本身孩子在學(xué)習(xí)的壓力就很大,我在給他報這班,這好不好? 高中輔導(dǎo)班,He night not come today.今天他也許不來了。
Might I make a suggestion? 我可以提個建議嗎?
[注二]might用來示意現(xiàn)在時,還可示意"勸戒",如:
You might,pay more attention to spoken English.你要更多地注重英語口語。
You might shut the windows. The wind is blowing so hard outside.關(guān)上窗戶吧。外面風(fēng)很大。
may (might)后加動詞的完成式
示意對已往的推測,以為某一事情在已往"可能"發(fā)生。這里may和might都指已往,不外might較為蘊藉委婉或加倍不一定(常用于一定結(jié)構(gòu))。如:
Nick may (might) have gone to the library.尼克可能到圖書館去了。
Our manager may (might) have gone to Harbin last weekend.
我們的司理上周末可能已經(jīng)去哈爾濱了。
She may (might) have missed the plane.她也許沒遇上飛機。
[注一] may和might常用在so that和in order that所指導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中(現(xiàn)在英語中還經(jīng)常用can)。如:
Write is in simple language in order that everybody may understand it. 為了人人都看得懂,你要用簡明的文字寫。
He died,so that others night ye.他為了別人而犧牲了。
[注三] might加動詞的完成式,可說明某一事情在已往沒有實現(xiàn)并含有"勸告"甚至"叱責(zé)"的意思。如:
You might have told me earlier.你原本可以早點告訴我的。
You might have been more careful.你原本可以多加小心。
情態(tài)動詞--have to
have to
have to加動詞真相
示意"不得不""必須"的觀點。它比must更含有"客觀條件使得必須云云做"的意思,并有較多的時態(tài)。如:
Mr. Johnson has to work very hard to earn a living.約翰遜先生為了營生不得不拼命干活。
I had to leave the party early last night. I wasn't very well.昨晚我只得早點脫離晚會,我不大恬靜。
We will have to get up very early tomorrow.我們明天必須起得很早。
I shall have to go to the clinic today for my bad cough.我咳嗽得厲害,今天必須去診療所看看。
[注]口語中的I have got to,you have got to等:I have to,you have to. Have I got to?和Do I have to?這兩種疑問形式均可用。
[英語語法手冊]情態(tài)動詞--shall
shall
shall作為情態(tài)動詞用于第二三人稱
可示意語言人給對方的"下令""忠言""允諾""威脅"等觀點。如:
You shall do it,whether you want to or not. 不管你愿意不愿意,你必須做這項事情。(下令)
You shall have the book as soon as I finish it.這本書我一看完就給你。(允諾)
You shall pay for it.你一定會受到責(zé)罰的。(威脅)
在疑問句中,情態(tài)動詞shall用于第一三人稱
示意語言人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ竭督?。如?/p>
What shall I do now? 我現(xiàn)在該做什么?
Shall we go for a walk? 我們?nèi)ド⒉胶脝?
Shall he come tomorrow? 你要他明天來嗎?
情態(tài)動詞--should
should
情態(tài)動詞Should示意"勸告" "建議 "時
這時should常譯作 "應(yīng)當(dāng)"。如:
We Should learn about the computer and make full use of it.我們應(yīng)該領(lǐng)會盤算機并加以充實行使。
You should listen to the doctor's advice.你應(yīng)當(dāng)聽醫(yī)生的話。
You should study the article care fully. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)細(xì),心學(xué)習(xí)這篇文章。
should還可以示意 "展望""可能"
They should be here by now.他們現(xiàn)在可能到了。
The reference book should be in the reading-room.這本參考書可能在閱覽室里。
should有時示意語言人的情緒如驚訝氣忿失望等
Why should I go? 我干嗎要去?(不滿)
I am sorry that he Should be so obstinate.我很遺憾,他竟這樣頑強。(失望)
It's strange that it should be so hot today.很怪,今天怎么這么熱。(驚訝)
should后跟動詞的完成式時
這時句子指的是已往的事情。若是是一定句,常說明某件事本應(yīng)完成而未完成;若是是否認(rèn)句,示意發(fā)生了不應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)生的事情.如:
You should have stopped at in red light. 你見了紅燈本應(yīng)該停車。
You Should not have gone back to work without the doctor's permission.你不應(yīng)當(dāng)未經(jīng)醫(yī)生允許就回去事情。
He Should have come earlier. 他應(yīng)早一點來。
情態(tài)動詞--will
Will
情態(tài)動詞Will
可用于各人稱,示意 "意志""意愿""刻意""允諾"等。如:
I will try. 我愿一試。
I will do my best. 我一定全力而為。
We will never do it again. 我們永遠(yuǎn)不會再做此事了。
Which will you fake?你要哪一個?
Who will go with me? 誰愿和我一同去?
will在疑問句中用子第二人稱時
這時句子示意語言人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蠡蛟儐枴H纾?/p>
Will you please explain the sentence once more?請你再把這個句子注釋一遍好嗎?
Will you have western food or Chinese food,Mr. Smith? 史女士先生,你吃西餐照樣中餐?
Will you pass me the butter? 請你把黃油遞給我好嗎?
注重下面句中的won't亦表請求:
Won't you come in ?請進(jìn)來好嗎?
[注一] 在條件狀語從句中須用現(xiàn)在一樣平常時表未來,但當(dāng)will用作情態(tài)動詞表意愿時,則亦可用于條件狀語從句,如I'll be glad if you will come.(你如愿來,我將會很喜悅)。
[注二]will在下面句子中 = I suppose(我意料)或probably(也許)。如:
This will be the room you are looking for. 這也許就是你要找的誰人房間。
You will remember the story I told you the other day.你們也許還記得我那天給你們講的誰人故事。
[注三]will有時示意一種習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài)。如:
Water will boil at degrees Centigrade.水總是在攝氏煮沸。
Boys will be boys.男孩子總是男孩子。
情態(tài)動詞--would
Would
是will的已往式,可用于各人稱,示意已往時間的"意志""愿望"和 "刻意"等。如:
He declared that he would do everything to help us. 他說要盡一切可能來輔助我們。
I told peter that I would go along wit him.我告訴彼得我要跟他一塊去。
All in e doctors and nurses told Dr. Bethune not to give his own blood to the wounded, but he wouldn't listen.和護(hù)士勸白求恩醫(yī)生不要把自己的血輸給傷員,然則他不聽。
would用來示意現(xiàn)在時間時
這時would豈論是表達(dá)語言人自己的意志或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱?,均較will委婉。如:
Would you tell us something about yourself? 請跟我們談?wù)勀阕约汉脝?
Would you like to have a glass of wine? 你要喝杯酒嗎?
Would you please tell me the way to the nearest bus-stop? 請告訴我去最近的公共汽車站怎么走好嗎?
Would you mind helping me with my packing? 請你幫我打打行李好嗎?
[注]在一樣平常會話中,I would like to和I should like to都可以說,I would like的簡略式為I'd like。如:
I should (would) like to have a look at the new television set.我想看看這架新電視機。
I'd like to borrow a copy of Alice in Wonderland.我要借一本《愛麗絲周游奇境記》。
Would還可以示意已往習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動作
I found that retired persons would often go to the park to play chess.我發(fā)現(xiàn)退休的人經(jīng)常到公園里下棋。
When he had a problem to solve,he would work at it until he found an answer.當(dāng)他有個問題要解決時,他總是想設(shè)施一直到找到謎底為止。
情態(tài)動詞--ought
ought
ought只有一種形式,后面須跟帶to的動詞不定式。Ought示意"有義務(wù)或需要"做某件事,還可示意"勸告"。如:.
You ought to follow the old man's advice.你應(yīng)當(dāng)聽那位老人的話。
You oughtn't to smoke so much.你不應(yīng)當(dāng)吸煙太多。
You ought to go to the clinic at once. You don't look well.你神色欠好,應(yīng)該馬上到醫(yī)務(wù)室去。
[注]ought示意"應(yīng)該",語氣比should 強。
ought后加動詞不定式的完成式時
指已往的動作。如用一定形式(ought to have done),示意某一件事該做而未做,相當(dāng)于should have done。如用否認(rèn)形式(ought not to have done),則示意一件不應(yīng)做的事情發(fā)生了,相當(dāng)于should not have done。如:
He ought to have done the exercise more carefully.這個演習(xí)他應(yīng)看成得更仔細(xì)一些。
I ought to have returned these books to the library last week. 我上星期就應(yīng)當(dāng)把這些書還給圖書館。
You ought not to have been so rude.你不應(yīng)這樣鹵莽。
You ought not to have taken his skates without asking him.你不應(yīng)沒有獲得他的允許就把他的冰鞋拿走。
情態(tài)動詞--dare
dare (敢)
的用法和其他動詞有所差異。dare用于否認(rèn)句或疑問句中時,其用法和其他情態(tài)動詞一樣,即dare自己無轉(zhuǎn)變,后面所跟的動詞不定式不帶to。如:
They dare not tell the truth.他們不敢說真話。
Dare he admit his mistake? 他敢于認(rèn)可錯誤嗎?
He dared say no more。他不敢再說了。
然則dare用在一定結(jié)構(gòu)中時,后面的動詞不定式可加to。如:
Young people should dare to think,dare to speak and dare to act.青年人要敢想敢說敢干。
[注一]在否認(rèn)句或疑問句中,dare也可用作實義動詞,用助動詞do來輔助,后面的動詞不定式可帶to。如:
Do they dare to do it? 他們敢做這事嗎?
The enemy did not dare to come out after dark.敵人夜間不敢出來。
[注二]注重下面將兩種差異動詞揉合在一起的說法。如:
I didn't dale come.我不敢來。
Who dares stop me? 誰敢阻攔我?
[英語語法手冊]情態(tài)動詞--need
need(需要)
的用法與dare險些完全相同。即在否認(rèn)句或疑問句中,和其他情態(tài)動詞一樣,自己無轉(zhuǎn)變,后面用不帶to的動詞不定式;在一定句中時,和實義動詞一樣,后面的動詞不定式要帶to,第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在一樣平常時加-s,并有時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變。如:
Need we return the magazines today?我們今天需要把雜志還回去嗎?
Every member needs to pay only a little money a year to get medical care.每個成員每年只需繳一點錢就可以獲得醫(yī)療。
You need not write down your translation. You may do it orally. 你們不必寫下這個翻譯演習(xí),口頭做就行了。
[注]與dare一樣,在否認(rèn)句或疑問句里,need也可和實義動詞相同,用助動詞to do來輔助,后面的動詞不定式必須帶to。如:
Do they need to take any tools with them? -No., they don't need to.他們需要帶工具嗎? --不需要。
He did not need to go there early that day. 那天他不必早去。
need后面著名詞作賓語時
完全用作實義動詞,示意"需要"或"缺乏"某件事物。這時,它的轉(zhuǎn)變和一樣平常實義動詞完全相同。如:
I need a dictionary.我需要字典。
You need a hair-cut. 你該剃頭了。
Do you need a fountain-pen? 你需要一支自來水筆嗎?
I don't need a new jacket. 我不需要一件新茄克衫。
Mary looks tried,she needs a rest. 瑪麗看上去累了,需要休息。
Needn't后加動詞不定式(不帶to)的完成式時
指已往已做了但勿須做的動作。如:
You needn't have watered the vegetables,as it is going to rain.你滿可以不必澆菜,天要下雨了。
You needn't have brought your umbrella. We are going by taxi你滿可以不必帶傘,我們要坐出租汽車去。
[注一]注重didn't have to和didn't nee to則常示意已往未做也勿須做的動作。如:
I didn't have to interpret it for her,for she knows Chinese.我勿須為她翻譯,她懂漢語。
I didn't need to take a taxi; it is only five minutes walk to the station.到車站只須走五分鐘,我不需要坐出租汽車。
[注二] used to和had better也可看作是情態(tài)動詞。情態(tài)動詞used to示意已往的習(xí)慣,但現(xiàn)在已無此習(xí)慣(would表已往習(xí)慣時則無此寄義)。如:
When I was young,I used to play football.我小時常踢足球。
He didn't use to come. (或用usedn't to)他已往不常來。
Did he used to come? (亦可說used he to...?)他已往常來嗎?had better表可取,意為"應(yīng)該"或"最好"。如:
We had better go now. 我們最好走吧。
You'd better stop now.你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該停下來。(對尊長不能用had better)
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